- Language
- The official language is Mongolian, written in a Cyrillic-based script. In Ulaanbaatar and tourist places people often speak English, while in the countryside you will need an interpreter.
- Currency
- The Mongolian tugrik (MNT). In Ulaanbaatar cards are accepted in hotels, shops and restaurants, but in rural areas and camps you need cash. Exchange money at banks and exchange offices, not on the street.
- Plugs
- Sockets of types C and E, 230 V, 50 Hz. Phones and chargers from Kazakhstan work without an adapter. Electricity in ger camps is not always available, so a power bank is useful.
- Emergency services
- Main numbers: 101 fire, 102 police, 103 ambulance. Save them and your tour operator's contacts, and keep them offline on long trips.
- Time difference
- Mongolia is on UTC+8 with no daylight saving. Kazakhstan is on UTC+5, so the difference is 3 hours: when it is noon in Astana and Almaty, it is 15:00 in Ulaanbaatar.
- Climate and season
- Summers are short and warm, winters harsh and cold. For trips across the steppe and the Gobi most people choose summer and early autumn, while in winter roads and weather complicate routes. Cold drains a phone battery quickly.
- Roads and transport
- Main highways are paved, and beyond them dirt roads begin. Many people travel with a tour operator and a driver: independent routes need experience and spare fuel. Save the driver's contact in advance.
- Entry
- Before the trip, check the current entry rules for citizens of Kazakhstan.